Lipids (Castor oil, Chaulmoogra oil) l Study Pharma l

LIPIDS:

Lipids are naturally occurring organic compounds which are soluble in non-polar solvent and insoluble in polar solvent. It comprised of  fixed oils, fats and waxes.

- Features of lipids:

* Act as structural component of biological membrane.

* Act as a energy reservoir in the form of triglycerides.

* Act as source of vitamins and hormones.

FIXED OIL AND FAT

- Fixed oil and fats are naturally occurring organic compounds. Both are obtained from plants and animals. From plants it obtained as in the form of seeds.

- Chemically belongs to same group but physically they different from their melting point. Fixed oil liquefied at 15.5° -  16.5° C but fats are solid or semisolid at that temperature 15.5° -  16.5° C or above temperature.

WAXES

Waxes are esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohol. They are soluble in non-polar solvents like ether, benzene, chloroform, etc.

CASTOR OIL

Synonyms: Castor oil seeds, Castor bean oil

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Biological source: Castor oil is a fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Ricinus Communis.

Geographical source: India, China, Thailand, America

PROCEDURE FOR CASTOR OIL

* Castor oil obtained from Castor oil seeds by two ways:-

1. By removing the seed coat of castor oil seeds.

2. By with seed coat of Castor oil seeds.

TAKE OUT CASTOR OIL BY USING 1 WAY

- Using groover roller to remove seed coat from the seeds at sufficient current air blow.

- Compress the seeds at  high pressures, results in produce Castor oil.

- Then castor oil steamed under 80° - 100° C which coagulation or precipitation of protein, poisonous matter ricin and enzymes like lipase.

- After steamed, filter the oil from precipitates.

- Get 30% of Oil that used for medical purpose

- Again repeat the same procedure with precipitated residue such as steaming and filtering.

- Get secondary oil used for industrial purpose.

- After getting oil, residue have 8% -  10% oil which extracted by using Soxhlet apparatus and  remain residue used in agricultural purpose.

Physical characteristics:

- Colorless or slightly yellow in color

- Slightly odour

- Slightly acrid taste

- Soluble in non-polar solvents

Chemical constituents:

Vitamins, 90% of ricinoleic acid (fatty acids), isoricinoleic acids, stearic and dihydroxy fatty acids.

Uses:

- Used as mild laxative or purgative

- Used in leather industry

- Used in agricultural purpose as in the form of manure.

- Used as lip balm and muscle and joint rub.

CHAULMOOGRA OIL

Synonyms: Hydnocarpus oil, Gynocardia oil

Family: Flacourtiaceae

Biological source: Chaulmoogra oil is a fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Taraktogenos kurzii

Geographical source: Eastern India, Indo-China, Burma, Thailand.

Chemical Constituents: Hydnocarpin, Apigenin, Chaulmoogric acid.

Physical characteristics:

- Peculiar odour

- yellow or brownish yellow colour

- Sharp taste

- Soluble in non-polar solvents

Uses:

- Used in the treatment of leprosy (skin disease) and many other skin diseases.

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