Flow of fluid l Fluid Static l Fluid Dynamic l Study Pharma l

Flow of Fluid

Introduction:

Flow of fluid is defined as the property of the substance that do not permanently resist distortion.

In this definition: Substance word refers to liquid and/ or gas.

When it Observed ?

1. Handling of Liquid:
Handling of liquid is quite easy than handling of solid because liquid have the property of moving itself.

2. Handling of Solid:
Handling of solid is trouble ness because its particles size.

Difficulty:
- Smaller size particles do not move itself as compare bigger particles.

Solution:
- Make slurry of solid by adding sufficient liquid in it then it is become easy than handling of dry solid.

Types:
Flow of fluid is divided into main two categories that is;
1. Fluid Static

2. Fluid Dynamic

1. Fluid Static:
Fluid Static is the property of the fluid that deal with its flow in rest at equilibrium.

Equation for fluid static:
Now we are trying to understand fluid st
Pressure difference at different layer of liquids at different points:
Due to the atmospheric pressure applied on the liquid in a container or tank.
Results in release or out the liquid from different points at different flow rates due to different force induced by the applied pressure at different layer of liquids.
Now Force acting on the liquids at different points, so that;
P1 * S = Ps* S + S * h1 * D * g
P1 * S = S(Ps + h1* D * g)
P1 = Ps + h1 * D * g
P2 * S = Ps* S + S * h2 * D * g
P2 * S = S(Ps + h2* D * g)
P2 = Ps + h2 * D * g
P1 - P2 = (Ps + h1 * D * g) - (Ps + h2 * D * g)
P1 - P2 = Ps + h1 * D * g - Ps - h2 * D * g
P1 - P2 = h1 * D * g - h2 * D * g
P1 - P2 = (h1 - h2)Dg

Application:
- Manometers works on the fluid static principle.
- Manometers are worked to measure pressure differences.

Fluid Dynamic:
Fluid Dynamic is the property of fluid that deal with its flow in motion.

Equation for fluid dynamic:
Now we are understand this concept by using a experimental diagram.
Consider a cylinderical glass tube which contain water that continue flows, one side of the tube connected to water reservoir and another side of the tube connected to color or dye reservoir.
Then color flow with water in layer by layer when velocity of water is low or vice versa.

Observation:
If water flow is low then, color flow with water in layer by layer without disturbing water molecules in the system. It is known as "LAMINAR FLOW".
 If water flow is high then, color molecules disturbing water molecules and coloring all the content in the system. It is known as "TURBULENT FLOW".

Calculation:
Reynold no. is given here;
Reynold no. = Inertial force/ Viscous force = Mass* Velocity/ Shear stress* surface area
Result:




If  Re value above from 4000 then flow of fluid is TURBULENT.
If Re value in between 2000 - 4000 then flow of fluid is LAMINAR - TURBULENT.

Application:
- Used to determine the flow of fluid in closed system.
- By this we can easily determine the rate of heat transfer by using fluid flows in closed system.






Flow of fluid is the property of fluid to move from one place to another without causing to produces any distortion or resistance.
Flow of fluid comes occur or observed when there is a handling of solids or liquids.
Force exerted by the liquid at point 1 = Force on the liquid at point 1 + Force exerted by the liquid above the point 1
Substituting 'Force' into 'Pressure * Surface area then we obtain value is that-
Pressure at point 1 * Surface area = Pressure on the liquid at point 1 * Surface area + Mass * Acceleration due to gravity
Pressure at point 1 * surface area = Pressure on the liquid at point 1 * Surface area + Volume * Density * Acceleration due to gravity
Pressure at point 1 * surface area = Pressure on the liquid at point 1 * Surface area + Area * Height * Density * Acceleration due to gravity

In simple manner: 
In similar at point 2 (likewise in point 1):
Pressure difference at different points is:

Reynold's Experiment:
Reynold no. gives the identical value to determine the flow of fluid in closed channel or system.
If Re value below from 2000 then flow of fluid is LAMINAR.